Dry Ice & Carbon Dioxide Gas

:: DRY ICE	:: CO₂ GAS (CARBON DIOXIDE)
What is dry ice?	What is CO₂?
How to make dry ice?	How to make CO₂?
How to store dry ice?	How to store CO₂?
How long does ice last?	How to handle CO₂ safely?
How to handle dry ice safely?	How do you use CO₂?
How do you use dry ice?

DRY ICE

Eagle Distilleries Co. has been serving the dry ice needs of its customers in Jordan for over 20 years. Dry Ice is mainly supplied to the Royal Jordanian Airlines as well as to other industrial and service companies including Jordanian Petroleum Refinery Co. Ltd.

WHAT IS DRY ICE?
Dry ice is carbon dioxide (CO₂) in solid form (frozen), a normal part of our earth's atmosphere. It is the gas that we exhale during breathing and the gas that plants use in photosynthesis. It is a translucent substance which has a density of 1640.7kg/cu. m. at atmospheric pressure. Dry ice changes directly from a solid to a gas - sublimation- in normal atmospheric conditions without going through a wet liquid stage. That's why it's called "dry" ice. Dry ice comes in different forms; blocks, nuggets, and rice pellets.

HOW TO MAKE DRY ICE?
The manufacturing process of dry ice involves two steps. First, pure CO₂ is expanded to a reduced pressure in a hydraulic press. The CO₂"snow" that is produced in this expansion is then compressed into pellets.
When CO₂ is in its solid state (dry ice), it must be kept at -42 degrees centigrade. When solid CO₂ is exposed to air, it converts back to its natural state, a gas.

HOW TO STORE DRY ICE?
It's best to store dry ice in an insulated container. The thicker the insulation, the slower it will sublimate. Do not store dry ice in a completely airtight container. The sublimation of dry ice to carbon dioxide gas will cause any airtight container to expand or possibly explode. Keep proper air ventilation wherever dry ice is stored. If left in unventilated rooms, the sublimated carbon dioxide gas will sink to low areas and replace oxygenated air. It could cause suffocation if breathed exclusively.
It is best not to store dry ice in your freezer because the fan will make it sublimate faster; and your freezer's thermostat will shut off the freezer due to the extreme cold of the dry ice! (but it will keep things frozen if your refrigerator breaks down in an emergency).

HOW LONG DOES ICE LAST?
Dry ice should be used or kept in a well-insulated cooler. Dry ice will dissipate at a rate of approximately 4.5 kg (10 pounds) every 24 hours. A 25-kg block is sufficient to keep food frozen in a cooler for about a week.

HOW TO HANDLE DRY ICE SAFELY?
Do not leave dry ice unattended around children unless they are closely supervised by adults. Dry ice temperature is extremely cold at -109.3°F or -78.5°C. Never handle dry ice with bare hands. Always handle dry ice with care and wear protective cloth or leather gloves whenever touching it. Prolonged contact with the skin will freeze cells and cause injury similar to a burn.
Do not transport in unventilated vehicle. Dispose of dry ice in a well ventilated area away from the public.

HOW DO YOU USE DRY ICE?

::	For keeping material frozen, place the dry ice in a cooler on top of the frozen material. Close the lid and do not open until necessary to minimize loss. Dry ice is used for preserving food and vaccines. Dry ice will not harm frozen food.
::	For adding dry ice to beverages for drinking, use 1 to 2 kg of dry ice for each gallon of room temperature punch. Use large pieces of dry ice. The dry ice is heavier than ice and will sink to the bottom. Do not use any regular ice! The dry ice will do the cooling and must not be eaten or swallowed. Too much dry ice will freeze the beverage. It will bubble and give off the most fog when the beverage is at room temperature. When most of the dry ice has sublimated, it will surround itself with ice and float to the top. So do not serve or eat it. Carefully pour the beverage into drinking glasses without any dry ice. Add regular ice to glasses for cooler drinks.
::	For making dry ice fog, put 2 to 4.5 kg of dry ice into 3 to 6 gallons of hot water for each 15-minute period. A small fan can help control the direction. Hotter water will make more fog. Dry ice when combined with hot tap water can produce vigorous bubbling water and voluminous flowing fog. Keep the water hot with a hot plate or some other heat source to produce fog for a longer time. Dry ice makes fog because of its cold temperature, -109.3°F or -78.5°C, immersed in hot water, creates a true water vapor cloud of fog. When the water gets colder than 10°C, the dry ice stops making fog, but continues to sublimate and bubble. The fog will last longer on a damp day than on a dry day. This is used in stage and film productions.

CO₂ GAS (CARBON DIOXIDE)

WHAT IS CO₂?
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a heavy colorless, odorless and non-flammable gas. It is present in the atmosphere and formed during respiration and tends to accumulate in floor drains, pits and at the bottom of the unventilated tanks.

HOW TO MAKE CO₂?
CO₂ is a by-product which comes out from fermentation of carbohydrate substances (sugars, starches, fruits, etc.). It is then treated and compressed to a liquid or solid state (dry ice). The purity of our CO₂ gas is 99% minimum with no expiry date.

HOW TO STORE CO₂?
Carbon dioxide is typically stored in high pressure cylinders or in low pressure tanks at room temperature and away from any heat source. We at Eagle Distilleries Co. fill CO₂ gas in all sizes of cylinders upon customer's request.

HOW TO HANDLE CO₂ SAFELY?
CO₂ is non-damaging; carbon dioxide has no residual clean-up associated with its use as a fire suppressing agent. When it is properly ventilated, the gas escapes to atmosphere after the fire has been extinguished.

HOW DO YOU USE CO₂?

::
For carbonating liquids; CO₂ is added to our sparkling wines (champenoise brut and demi sec brands). It is the same gas added to water to make soda water and is also used in the manufacture of other effervescent drinks.

::
For suppressing fire; carbon dioxide extinguishes a fire by reducing the oxygen content of the protected area below the point where it can support combustion. Rapid expansion of the 10-15 cm of carbon dioxide snow to gas reduces the ambient temperature in the protected hazard area which helps in the extinguishing process and retards re-ignition.

::
For industrial uses; CO₂ is used in welding and as a refrigerant in addition to other uses.

::
For medical use; it is used in sterilization, laboratory tests, anesthetizing and other uses.

::
For cleaning; it is the same chemical used with enzymes for removal of dirt spots, etc.

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::	For carbonating liquids; CO₂ is added to our sparkling wines (champenoise brut and demi sec brands). It is the same gas added to water to make soda water and is also used in the manufacture of other effervescent drinks.
::	For suppressing fire; carbon dioxide extinguishes a fire by reducing the oxygen content of the protected area below the point where it can support combustion. Rapid expansion of the 10-15 cm of carbon dioxide snow to gas reduces the ambient temperature in the protected hazard area which helps in the extinguishing process and retards re-ignition.
::	For industrial uses; CO₂ is used in welding and as a refrigerant in addition to other uses.
::	For medical use; it is used in sterilization, laboratory tests, anesthetizing and other uses.
::	For cleaning; it is the same chemical used with enzymes for removal of dirt spots, etc.